A Case Sajjan Singh V State of Rajasthan Free Essays

string(1573) the wellbeing of children;(g) Undertake and advance research in the field of kid rights;(h) spread kid rights proficiency among different areas of the general public and advance consciousness of the shields accessible for insurance of these rights through distributions, the media, classes and other accessible means;(i) examine or cause to be assessed any adolescent custodial home, or some other spot of habitation or establishment implied for kids, heavily influenced by the Central Government or any State Government or some other position, including any foundation run by a social association; where kids are confined or held up with the end goal of treatment, renewal or security and take up with these experts for medicinal activity, whenever discovered necessary;(j) ask into objections and take suo otu notice of issues identifying with, - (i) hardship and infringement of youngster rights;(ii) non-usage of laws accommodating assurance and improvement of children;(iii) resi stance of approach choices, rules or guidelines planned for moderating hardships to and guaranteeing government assistance of the kids and to give alleviation to such kids, or remove up the issues emerging from such issues with fitting specialists; and(k) such different capacities as it might consider fundamental for the advancement of kid rights and some other issue coincidental to the above functions2) The Commission will not ask into any issue which is pending before a State Commission or some other Commission appropriately comprised under any law for now in force. â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€- Top of Form | MANU/SC/8083/2008Equivalent Citation: AIR2009SC84, JT2008(11)SC150, 2008(4)KLT306(SC), (2009)3MLJ929(SC), (2008)41OCR708, 2008(13)SCALE76, (2008)13SCC518IN THE SUPREME COURT OF INDIAWrit Petition (C) No. 369 of 2008Decided On:â 29. 09. We will compose a custom article test on A Case Sajjan Singh V State of Rajasthan or on the other hand any comparable subject just for you Request Now 2008Appellants: Baby Manji Yamada Vs. Respondent: Union of India (UOI) and Anr. Hon’ble Judges: Dr. Arijit Pasayat and Mukundakam Sharmaâ , JJ. Subject: CivilCatch WordsMentioned INActs/Rules/Orders:â Commission for Protection of Child Rights Act, 2005 †Section 13; Constitution of India †Article 32Case Note: Constitution Rights of youngster Article 32 of the Constitution of India, 1950 (Constitution) Commissions for Protection of Child Rights Act, 2005 (CPCRA) Petition documented u/a 32, Constitution against headings of High Court by grandma of litigant Held, constitution of National and state commissions for insurance of kid rights and kids courts for giving fast equity in offenses against kids and related issues gave under CPCRA No objection made by anyone identifying with kid Direction given to any oppressed individual to move toward Commission comprised under CPCRA Writ request arranged ofRatio Decidendi:â Commission established under CPCRA has option to ask into grumblings or make a move suo motu notice identifying with infringement of kid rights and improvement of kids and furnish alleviation in such issues with proper specialists. JUDGMENTArijit Pasayat, J. 1. This appeal under Articleâ 32â of the Constitution of India, 1950 (hereinafter for short ‘the Constitution’) brings up some significant issues. 2. Basically challenge is to sure bearings given by a Division Bench of the Rajasthan High Court identifying with creation/authority of a kid Manji Yamada. Emiko Yamada, professing to be grandma of the youngster, has documented this request. The Writ Petition under the watchful eye of the Rajasthan High Court was recorded by M/s. SATYA, expressed to be a NG0, the contrary party No. 3 in this appeal. The D. B. Habeas Corpus Writ Petition No. 7829 of 2008 was documented by M/s. SATYA wherein the Union of India through Ministry of Home Affairs, State of Rajasthan through the Principal Secretary, The Director General of Police, Government of Rajasthan and the Superintendent of Police Jaipur City (East), Jaipur were made the gatherings. There is no question about Baby Manji Yamada having been conceived an offspring by a substitute mother. It is expressed that the natural guardians Dr. Yuki Yamada and Dr. Ikufumi Yamada came to India in 2007 and had picked a substitute mother in Anand, Gujarat and a surrogacy understanding was gone into between the natural dad and organic mother on one side and the proxy mother on the opposite side. It shows up from a portion of the announcements made that there were marital conflicts between the organic guardians. The kid was conceived on 25th July, 2008. On third August, 2008 the youngster was moved to Arya Hospital in Jaipur adhering to a peace circumstance in Gujarat and she was being given truly necessary consideration including being breastfed by a lady. It is expressed by the solicitor that the hereditary dad Dr. Ifukumi Yamada needed to come back to Japan because of lapse of his visa. It is likewise expressed that the Municipality at Anand has given a Birth Certificate showing the name of the hereditary dad. 3. Remain of respondent No. 3 was that there is no law administering surrogation in India and for the sake of surrogation parcel of anomalies are being dedicated. As indicated by it, for the sake of surrogacy a lucrative racket is being propagated. It is additionally the remain of the said respondent that the Union of India ought to uphold rigid laws identifying with surrogacy. The current candidate has scrutinized the locus standi of respondent No. 3 to record a habeas corpus appeal. It is brought up that however guardianship of the youngster was being requested yet there was not so much as a sign as to in whose supposed unlawful care the kid was. It is expressed that however the appeal under the steady gaze of the High Court was styled as a â€Å"Public Interest Litigation† there was no component of open intrigue included. Learned Counsel for respondent No. 3 concerning the counter-testimony documented in this Court had featured certain angles identifying with surrogacy. The scholarly Solicitor General has protested certain announcements made in the said counter oath and has presented that the request under the watchful eye of the High Court was not in accordance with some basic honesty and was absolutely not in broad daylight intrigue. 4. We need not go into the locus standi of respondent No. 3 as well as whether bonafides are included or not. It is to be noticed that the Commissions For Protection of Child Rights Act, 2005 (hereinafter for short ‘the Act’) has been authorized for the constitution of a National Commission and State Commissions for insurance of kid rights and children’s courts for giving expedient preliminary of offenses against kids or of infringement of youngster rights and for issues associated therewith or accidental thereto. Sectionâ 13â which shows up in Chapter III of the Act is critical. Indistinguishable peruses from follows:13. Elements of Commission. 1) The Commission will play out all or any of the a ccompanying capacities, namely:(a) look at and audit the shields gave by or under any law until further notice in power for the assurance of youngster rights and suggest measures for their compelling implementation;(b) present to the Central Government, every year and at such different stretches, as the Commission may esteem fit, reports upon the working of those safeguards;(c) ask into infringement of kid rights and suggest inception of procedures in such cases;(d) inspect all factors that hinder the happiness regarding privileges of kids influenced by fear mongering, common viciousness, riots, catastrophic event, abusive behavior at home, HIV/AIDS, dealing, abuse, torment and misuse, erotic entertainment and prostitution and suggest proper healing measures. e) investigate the issues identifying with youngsters needing exceptional consideration and assurance remembering kids for trouble, underestimated and hindered kids, kids in strife with law, adolescents, kids without family and offspring of detainees and suggest proper therapeutic measures;(f) study bargains and other worldwide instruments and embrace periodical audit of existing strategies, programs and different exercises on kid rights and make proposals for their successful execution to the greatest advantage of children;(g) Undertake and advance research in the field of kid rights;(h) spread kid rights proficiency among different areas of the general public and advance attention to the shields accessible for insurance of these rights through distributions, the media, workshops and other accessible means;(i) assess or cause to be reviewed any adolescent custodial home, or some other spot of living arrangement or establishment implied for kids, heavily influenced by the Central Government or any State Government or some other power, including any foundation run by a social association; where kids are kept or held up with the end goal of treatment, reorganization or security and take up with these expert s for medicinal activity, whenever discovered necessary;(j) ask into grumblings and take suo otu notice of issues identifying with, - (I) hardship and infringement of kid rights;(ii) non-usage of laws accommodating insurance and improvement of children;(iii) resistance of strategy choices, rules or directions planned for alleviating hardships to and guaranteeing government assistance of the kids and to give help to such kids, or remove up the issues emerging from such issues with fitting specialists; and(k) such different capacities as it might consider fundamental for the advancement of kid rights and some other issue accidental to the above functions2) The Commission will not ask into any issue which is pending before a State Commission or some other Commission appropriately comprised under any law for the present in power. 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The bond rating of Tesla-Free-Samples for Studetns-Myassignment

Questions: 1.What do you consider Teslas bond rating? 2.Would your answer change if the firm raised an extra $1 billion in bonds to meet creation targets? 3.What is the normal PD (Probability of Default) for Tesla for the following five years? Answers: 1.Depicting about Teslas bond rating: The bond rating of Tesla has not changed after the issue of bonds for $1.8 billion, which shows the important subjected obligation to progressively senior obligation. This legitimately demonstrates the organization will depict low need to the security in correlation with different securities. Thus, the bond obligation of $1.8 billion that is taken by the organization is fundamentally viewed as a subordinate obligation in examination with other obligation aggregated by Tesla. Chen et al. (2014) referenced that the ID of bond need is predominantly basic for speculator, as it helps in understanding the hazard level of their venture. In this manner, the general bond rating gave by SP and Moodys is for the most part same as the organizations by and large appraising, which ought not be a similar case. The general bond rating ought to be decreased, as the obligation is for the most part considered as subjected obligation to progressively senior obligation. This general assessment legitimately demonstrates that Tesla during troublesome time will center its need in senior obligation and lessen appropriateness level of subjected obligation. This could in the end increment the general danger of the speculation for financial specialists and decrease their arrival age limit. Subsequently, the rating that is given by both SP and Moodys for Tesla is generally higher in nature. Henceforth, bond rating could be decreased from B-in SP and B3 proportion in Moodys rating to Caa1 in Moodys and CCC+ in SP, as generous hazard is related with the bond venture. Bonsall (2014) referenced that utilization of sufficient bond rating legitimately permits the speculators to comprehend the general hazard level of the ventures, which they are leading. 2.Whether the appropriate response will change if the firm raised an extra $1 billion in bonds to meet creation goals: Truly, from the assessment of bond rating it could be distinguished that on the off chance that Tesla builds the bond esteem, at that point the rating of the bond should be declined further. Right off the bat, the security gave by Tesla is basically a subordinate obligation, which has minimal need for the organization, if money related situation of the organization break down. The pertinent decrease in money related situation of the association could legitimately influence returns gave from security gave by Tesla. Also, decrease in money related execution of the organization could legitimately influence its capacity to pay securities, as the security is in the high hazard yield segment (Sinclair 2014). In this manner, the association could in the long run permit the speculators to distinguish budgetary dependability, which may identify the bond return gave from venture. Subsequently, the general FICO score of the association is moderately declining in nature if extra $1 billion is ad ded to the security obligation of Tesla. In this manner, bond rating is right now saw at B-in SP and B3 proportion in Moodys rating, which could legitimately change to Caa1 in Moodys and CCC+ in SP as the bond venture is profoundly dangerous. Then again, if the general augmentation under water of bond could in the end raise the degree of FICO score to Caa2 in Moody and CCC proportion in SP, which delineates the expanded hazard level related with venture. The further decrease in bond rating is for the most part because of extraordinary theoretical nature of the obligation, as the organization is gathering higher measure of obligation, which could straightforwardly influence its money related security. 3. Ascertaining the normal PD (Probability of Default) for Tesla for the following five years: Points of interest Worth Treasury (I) 2.05% Corporate (k) 5.30% Likelihood of reimbursement 96.91% Likelihood of default 3.09% From the general assessment of the above table pertinent likelihood of default for Tesla could be recognized. Also, the applicable likelihood of default is moderately lower, which straightforwardly shows that the organization will in the long run give the necessary installments to its investors. There if just 3.09% possibility for Tesla to default its bond installments as indicated by the count of likelihood default. This could in the long run permit the financial specialist to check into their speculation extension and hazard. Leow and Jonathan (2016) referenced that with the assistance of significant speculation counts and rating investors can distinguish the budgetary solidness of the association to take care of their obligation. Subsequently, from the general assessment it could be comprehended that Tesla will sufficiently pay its obligation brought about from bond inside the 8 years of activities. References Bonsall, Samuel B. The effect of backer compensation on corporate security rating properties: Evidence from Moody? s and SP? s beginning adoptions.Journal of Accounting and Economics57, no. 2 (2014): 89-109. Chen, Zhihua, Aziz A. Lookman, Norman Schrhoff, and Duane J. Seppi. Rating-based speculation practices and security showcase segmentation.The Review of Asset Pricing Studies4, no. 2 (2014): 162-205. Leow, Mindy, and Jonathan Crook. The security of endurance model parameter gauges for anticipating the likelihood of default: Empirical proof over the credit crisis.European Journal of Operational Research249, no. 2 (2016): 457-464. Sinclair, Timothy J.The new experts of capital: American bond rating organizations and the governmental issues of financial soundness. Cornell University Press, 2014. US Rates and Bonds. 2017.Bloomberg.Com. Gotten to November 20 2017. https://www.bloomberg.com/markets/rates-securities/government-securities/us.

Augmented and Virtual Reality The Promise and Peril of Immersive Technologies

Augmented and Virtual Reality The Promise and Peril of Immersive Technologies If you keep up with technology news even slightly, you have probably heard about augmented and virtual reality.Even if you rarely follow tech news, you have probably heard about Oculus Rift or Samsung Gear VR.Truth is, there has been a lot of hype about augmented and virtual reality over the last couple of years, with the two touted to be the technologies that will replace mobile computing.Over the last three to five years, a lot of companies have brought various VR and AR products to market. There have also been a lot of investments into this technology.In 2014, Facebook paid $2.1 billion to acquire Oculus VR, a company that manufactures virtual reality headsets.Facebook then went on to buy 11 other VR and AR startups, showing the social media giant’s belief that AR and VR will have a key role to play in the future of computing.While the industry is still in its infancy, it is expected that by 2025, the AR and VR industry will be worth about $95 billion, according to estimates by Goldman Sachs.At the moment, a lot of the interest in AR and VR technologies is coming from a handful of industries, such as gaming, video entertainment, live events and retail.As the technology matures, however, it could potentially revolutionize a wide range of industries, including education, healthcare, real estate, the military, and so on. Source: McKinseyIn this article, we are going to take a look at some of the potential impacts of AR and VR technology, as well as some of the challenges that the technology might face.WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN VIRTUAL AND AUGMENTED REALITY? There is a lot of confusion about the two technologies, which can be attributed to the fact that the two technologies gained prominence at about the same time and that both involve altering reality in some way.Despite these similarities, there are some key differences between virtual reality and augmented reality.Virtual reality is a technology that totally replaces the real life environment with an artificial simulation of reality.With virtual reality, a user wears some closed VR goggles or headgear â€" such as the Samsung Gear VR, Oculus Rift or Google Cardboard â€" which blocks out your current environment and immerses you in a very realistic looking and convincing.The user feels like they are part of the artificial world instead of the re al world.Augmented reality, on the other hand, does not try to replace reality. Instead, it tries to enhance reality by using technology to layer useful or entertaining digital information over your real world.Examples of information that may be layered over your real world through AR tech include maps, text-based directions, virtual characters (in the case of an AR-based video game), emails, a reminder about a scheduled task, and so on. AR does not interfere with your perception of reality.HOW VR AND AR WILL IMPACT THE CREATION AND CONSUMPTION OF CONTENTVirtual and augmented reality will impact how we create and consume content in four ways. These include:Shifting Content Consumption from Observation to ImmersionFor a long time, the only option we had when it comes to consumption of content is observation. When you watch a video on your phone or a movie on your TV, you are basically observing what is happening on the screen.Even with video games, while you have control over what is happening on the screen, you can still easily distinguish between your real world and the virtual world within the game.Attempts have been made to make this observational consumption of content more immersive.For instance, 3D movie technology was developed to make viewing movies more immersive, but there is still a clear distinction between reality and what is going on in the screen.AR and VR technology has brought about a new way of consuming content.Rather than observing content from our reality, we become part of the reality that is on the screen.When you step into a virtual world through a VR headset, all your perceptions are based on the virtual world.You become part of that world and for a moment, you forget about the real world. With augmented reality, the virtual world becomes part of your reality.It seamlessly integrates your real world and virtual data into one.This will make consumption of content a totally new form of experience.Reducing the Cost of Production in Creati ve ActivitiesVirtual and augmented reality will enable something known as virtual prototyping, which allows products under development to undergo several iterations while keeping time and costs low and improving the quality of the final product.A good example of this application of AR and VR technology is an aeronautical design firm that used VR prototyping to bypass two physical prototyping cycles and reduce the time it would have taken to complete development, resulting in savings in excess of $50,000 for the client.Another good example of the use of virtual prototyping is IKEA’s use of augmented reality to enhance the shopping experience for furniture shoppers.Instead of buying a piece of furniture based on your mental image of your home and hoping that the piece of furniture will not only fit within the available space, but also look good in your home, you can simply scan the space with your smartphone camera and then layer different pieces of furniture over this scanned image to find the best piece of furniture for your space.Of course, virtual prototyping is not a new thing.However, AR and VR technology takes virtual prototyping a notch higher, making the process more immersive and increasing the number of ways through which designers interact with and experience their prototypes.This will result in reduced cost of production, higher accuracy in design and an improvement in overall product quality.Making it Easier for New Creators to Get StartedIn the past, producing quality content was an expensive affair, something that kept it out of the reach of small firms with lower budgets as well as hobbyists.Fortunately, AR and VR technology is making it a lot easier to produce high quality content at a low cost.This lowering of costs will make it a lot easier for new creators to get into the market, the same way smartphone cameras made it easier for new creators to get into photography, videography, vlogging, and so on.Acting as a Tool for Cognitive Enhanceme nt and EmpathyBy putting us at the center of the experience rather than being mere observers, virtual and augmented reality make us feel as if we are part of the reality being depicted in the content being consumed, and therefore evokes a greater level of empathy and allows us to feel closer to global issues.For instance, if you consumed content about a humanitarian crisis through VR, you would feel greater empathy for the victims, because it feels like you are there with them.This is because with virtual and augmented reality, there is a layer of authenticity of experience that is not present with other content consumption mediums, according to artist and director Lynnette Wallworth.In the past, there have been concerns that increased digital media consumption could lead to decreased ability to feel empathy.However, artists who have worked with virtual and augmented reality technologies feel that these technologies will enhance our ability to feel empathy, terming AR and VR technol ogy as the ultimate empathy machine.In addition, AR and VR technology will contribute to cognitive enhancement by providing opportunities for immersive learning experiences.In addition to gamified learning, AR and VR technologies can also be used in therapeutic domains.For instance, in one case, AR and VR technology was used to allow a man to drive a car using nothing other than his brain. You can view the video here.CHALLENGES FACING VIRTUAL AND AUGMENTED REALITYWhile virtual and augmented reality will bring about the positive impacts discussed above, there are also some challenges that will need to be overcome if the potential of this technology is to be fully harnessed. These include:Shortage of Talent is Limiting GrowthWhile there are technical challenges facing this technology â€" including battery life and bulkiness of devices â€" probably the greatest barrier preventing the rapid advancement of virtual and augmented reality technology is the lack of adequate talent to push th is advancement.Being a relatively new technology, it is difficult to accurately show the disparity between the demand and supply of talent.However, there’s some evidence to this effect. For instance, data from Bloomberg shows that in the second quarter of 2017, there was greater growth in demand for freelancers with VR skills than for any other skill.Yet another study of 200 Canadian companies with a focus on AR and VR reported that companies in this industry will experience a talent crunch in the near future.Strategic Development of Domestic TalentAny government that wants to be part of the countries that will lead the march into the next frontier of computing needs to start coming up with a strategic plan that will ensure the development of talent in emerging technologies.Some countries have already started doing this.A good example is China, whose government has already put in place measures to support the growing VR industry.For instance, VR companies in Zhongguancun, Beijing, are receiving government subsidies to the tune of up to $1.45 million.The aim is to have this region grow into a technological hub that will spearhead the VR industry globally. Companies in other locales in China are also receiving grants from the government to support the development of VR-related content and hardware.Attracting Foreign TalentAside from developing content, governments that want their countries to become leaders in the next frontier of computing also need to put greater focus into funding development of immersive content.According to a 2016 survey by the UBM Game Network, more than half of companies in the AR and VR industry use their own funds to fund projects. Only less than 8% of companies reported having raised funds from “other” sources such as the government.The problem is that VR and AR development is a costly affair. Costs associated with VR projects often run into hundreds of thousands of dollars, something that keeps out a lot of people from venturing into VR development.To encourage more and more people to get into the AR and VR industry, governments can come up with policies that give subsidies and grants to companies involved in immersive content.This will attract VR companies and talent from all over the world.Already, some governments have started doing this. For instance, in France, there is the CNC Fund, which is backed by the government.This fund offers grants to VR and AR companies, provided these companies partner with local talent in the development and production of VR content.The fund also has the mandate to provide tax rebates of up to 30% to foreign companies that produce VR content within the country.These forward-looking policies meant to support VR and AR development and production are a fairly new approach to encouraging people to get into the VR industry, and therefore we cannot say with absolute certainty whether the policies are effective.However, available evidence seems to support the view that the polici es are working to encourage people to get into the“traditional” film industry.For instance, following the implementation of such policies to support the traditional film industry in France, 31 projects were launched in France within a year, with the companies involved in these projects coming from eight different countries.These projects took over 450 days of filming and saw over €119 million spent within the country, which is a great improvement compared to 84 days of filming and just €7.4 million spent in the year before the policies were passed.Considering that the VR and AR industry is still in its infancy, it is still too early to say whether the gains seen in the traditional film industry will be replicated in the VR and AR industry.Considering the growing popularity of immersive content, however, we can expect these policies to have similar effects within the industry.Content Will Become More Personalized, But This Will Come at a CostToday, almost everything is becomi ng digital. In addition, the business models of most digital services are becoming more reliant on the gathering of personal data as a way of providing a more personalized experience to users.This need for personal data is giving software designers an incentive to do all they can to keep users engaged within their apps and websites for as long as possible.This is because the longer users remain on the apps and websites, the more data they generate.Developers are continually trying out tons of features with the aim of making their apps and websites as engaging as possible.Those with huge budgets are also working with teams of psychologists to find out what keeps people engaged and then implementing this within their apps and websites.As these digital services become more engaging, the more time we spend on them, which in turn means we generate more personal data.This data is then used to personalize the experience for us and make it more engaging, leading to a cycle that will see us spending more time on these services. As immersive technologies become more mainstream, we can expect that this cycle will become even faster.The result is that immersive content will become more personalized than most of the other forms of content we have today. This will have a number of effects, including:Advertising Will Become More TargetedToday, the personal data we have left behind during our interactions with digital services has allowed advertising to become highly targeted.Today, advertisers can target you based on things like your internet searches and your Facebook likes.As immersive technologies go mainstream, we will be providing more data to advertisers, which they will use to serve targeted advertising at unprecedented levels.Already, ads served through AR and VR devices have been shown to be 30 times more effective compared to ads served via mobile.As immersive content becomes more personalized, we can only expect the effectiveness of AR and VR ads to increase.Incre ased Engagement Might Have a Negative Impact on our Privacy and Well-BeingThis quest by developers to capture our attention will have two negative effects.First, it might end up being harmful to our well-being. Various studies have shown that people who spend more time on non-screen activities are more likely to report feeling happier.For instance, a longitudinal study of Facebook use found that increased engagement on the social platform led to decreased levels of individual well-being.Similarly, another study found that US teenagers who spend about 6-9 hours on social media per week are 47% more likely to feel unhappy compared to those who devote less time to social media.Secondly, enjoying an engaging and personalized experience on most digital services requires us to trade in our personal data.Unfortunately, once we give up this personal data, we have little say over how the data is used.Over time, this lack of control over our data will discourage users from adopting new techno logies over the long term.According to a report by the World Economic Forum which polled over 6000 people of different ages in 6 different countries, 47% of the participants reported that they have a avoided or stopped using a service because they felt that they had no control over their personal data and how it is used.In countries like China, this figure rises as high as 70%.This is a clear indicator that privacy and sovereignty of data is a major concern for users.Considering that immersive technologies provide enhanced data tracking capabilities (facial expressions, eye movement tracking, haptic data, etc.), therefore making our privacy more vulnerable, we can expect that these concerns about user privacy will become even more pertinent.STRATEGIES TO MAKE VR AND AR DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT MORE USER-CENTEREDIf immersive technologies are to go mainstream and gain widespread adoption, developers and designers will need to address the concerns raised above. Below are some strategies and recommendations on how to make VR and AR design more user-centered:Regulatory frameworks: The same privacy concerns that have plagued other forms of digital media are also becoming apparent in VR and AR technologies. Considering that developers are not doing much to address these concerns, regulators will need to step in and come up with frameworks for protecting users.A great approach to developing a regulatory framework to protect user privacy in regards to immersive technologies is to borrow a leaf from regulatory frameworks that have been put in place to protect users of other forms of digital technology.For instance, many jurisdictions today have in place laws to prevent providers of digital services from collecting data without the consent of users and others requiring these companies to disclose how personal data will be used, or to erase personal data on the user’s request.The same approach needs to be applied in regards to immersive technologies.Give users sovereignty of personal data: Concern   over the collection of personal data by companies has led to the emergence of services that act as buffers between users and companies, giving users control over the data that they share with these companies, as well as anonymizing   some of this data.With traditional digital media, we have various such tools, including VPNs, privacy-focused browser extensions such as Privacy Badger, and entire browsers such as the Tor Browser.While such tools are currently lacking for the immersive environment, they will need to be developed in order to ease privacy concerns among users.Managing Consumption: Today, we have multiple solutions meant to prevent the overuse of most forms of digital media. For instance, we have services that allow parents to manage the kind of content their kids can access online, as well as other services that allow users to receive warnings once they exceed healthy levels of screen time.Similar solutions also need to be developed to manage and control the consumption of immersive content.While such solutions are not infallible, they will go a long way in managing the consumption of immersive content and complimenting regulatory frameworks.WRAPPING UPWhile VR and AR technologies are still in their infancy, we can expect that they will grow to gigantic proportions.Over the next decade, there is a chance that the VR and AR industry might grow to become bigger than the TV industry.These technologies will shift content consumption from observation to immersion, reduce the cost of production in creative activities, lower the barriers to entry and act as a tool for enhancing empathy and cognitive ability.However, for these immersive technologies to go mainstream, a number of challenges and concerns will need to be addressed.Governments will need to partner with creators to develop talent and provide incentives for more people to get into the industry.In addition, governments will need to step in and develop regulatory frame works, while developers and creators should also focus on efforts to address concerns over the privacy of users.

What cost reduction measures would you implement and why

Under tough business environment, your low cost carrier (LCC) is in financial difficulty. As the CEO of this LCC, you however believe that if the airline manages to control the cost, your airline can survive. You therefore decide to reduce the operating expanse including the labour cost but you would avoid lay-offs. What cost reduction measures would you implement and why? In airline industry, the cost can break to two parts: fixed cost and variable cost. And there is very hard to cutting off of the fixed cost which is including the cost of fuel, landing fees, insurance, etc. because these costs are necessary. If we have to control the operating cost, I suggest that we should control the labour cost first.†¦show more content†¦Therefore we decide to cut the dental medicare for reduce the cost. The next method also about allowance, reduce the long haul allowance. Now, our airline’s long tip allowance is 2500 Hong Kong dollars per day and we provide the single bed hotel room to each worker. And we had some feedback in reduce the allowance that workers are not anti to this policy. Therefore, we decide to reduce the allowance to 1000-1200 HK$ per day and to booking double or triple bed hotel room for the long haul crew. The staff, we believed, understood the rough patch our company was experiencing. We have the confidence that they would support the second to the fourth method. Because in one of the feedback, there is a summed it up very well: ‘We are all in the same boat.’ What we’re trying to do now is to keep the boat afloat while sailing through the storm.† Then is to slow down the promotion. In our airline, we expense around $500000-600000 in promotion each year. When we promoted a staff, we should pay more about $20000 to him per year. If we slow down the promotion, it would save about $350000-400000 pre year. For coordinate this method, we also can provide the early retire and the long term no payment holiday. The last but not least is the voluntary administration. We can reference to the British Airways (BA). In June 2009, BA management asked employees to volunteer for a range of cost-cutting working arrangements with the aim of helping the company to weather theShow MoreRelatedAssessment Of A Performance Evaluation1235 Words   |  5 Pagesefforts, it would be hard to make objective decisions regarding continuance, variation, or cancellation of CRM programs. (Parvatiyar Sheth, 2001). Most businesses are defining their metrics in some combination of three areas: cost savings, revenue enhancements and customer value improvements. (Stevens, 2017). 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Rather than a narrow view of the processes within sales, services, manufacturing etc., the organization may want to address the quote to cash process that takes you from the initialRead MoreProject Critical Success Factors1357 Words   |  6 Pagesmilestones and performance measurement tools that will serve as benchmarks along the project lifetime. It will also help identify concrete CSF. 2. Critical Success Factors – CSF’s are a natural 2nd step derived from the Business Case. Once we know WHY the project is being done CSF can be identified to in order to set the main â€Å"values† that the project will need to meet in order to be considered â€Å"successful.† At the very least, the CSF will identify those objectives which are KEY, or minimum requirementsRead MoreSix Sigma Implementation at Maple Leaf Foods957 Words   |  4 PagesBelt ï‚ ¡ Black Belt ï‚ ¡ ï‚ ¢ ï‚ ¢ Typically lead customer focused project team using Systematic problem-solving Change and project management skills and analytical techniques to drive fact based decision-making. ï‚ ¡ Master Black Belt ï‚ž Cost reduction and revenue building ï‚ž Help each employee to enhance and to realize his or here full potential ï‚ž Anthony had strong attraction to the Six Sigma methodology. He believed Six Sigma can help with following Get control ï‚ ¡ Discipline and predicableRead MoreThe Defense Of Depth Strategy Essay1217 Words   |  5 Pagesprepares the organization for possible attacks as well as what kind that may happen. The second category being â€Å"Prevention† allows ways that could prevent the attack by being prepared. The third category is â€Å"Detection† allows the organization to receive an alert if there is a possible attack. Finally, the fourth being â€Å"Response†. This strategy provides the time needed to respond to a possible attack. Due to these strategies, there has been a reduction in attacks. The website â€Å"Security Awareness - ImplementingRead MoreTaguchi Method1514 Words   |  7 PagesExperiments Research TAGUCHI METHOD Fernando de Castro Palomino Siller – A01191233 Thursday, September 17th, 2015 Professor: Hà ©ctor Rincà ³n CONTENT Introduction †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 3 Why to use Taguchi Method †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 3-4 Taguchi Method Strategy †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 4 P-diagram †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 5 Quality Measurement †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 5-6 Signal To Noise (S/N) Ratios †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 6-7 Static VersusRead MoreGordon Bethune and the Complete Transformation of Continental Airlines1580 Words   |  7 Pageschallenge of solving problems and making the company to resume its path. However, Bethune was disappointed after four months on the job, because the President (CEO) most frustrated his efforts to improve the operations of the company. To ensure that you do not leave Bethune, Continental s board agreed to give greater authority and promotion to CEO a few months later. When Bethune took over as CEO, knew that the road ahead was going to be difficult. In the previous decade, Continental had experiencedRead MoreGive Three Examples Of Business Needs For A System1277 Words   |  6 Pagesreaching out to a new type of customer, or improving interactions with suppliers. What is the purpose of an approval committee? Who is usually on this committee? They review the request and make an initial determination of whether to investigate the proposal or not. The committee is usually a company steering committee, a senior executive, or any other decision-making body that governs the use of business investments. Why should the system request be created by a business person as opposed to an IS

Galileo - 1113 Words

Galileo Galilei Galileo Galilei was considered the central figure of the scientific revolution of the 17th century. His role in the history of science was a critical one. He revolutionized the way in which science was conducted, and performed experiments to test his ideas, which led him to be regarded as the father of experimental science. Galileo was born on February 15th, 1564 in Pisa, and was the oldest of seven children. His father, Vincenzo Galilei was a famous composer, lutenist, and music theorist. In 1572 at the age of eight, Galileo’s family moved to Florence, however Galileo stayed behind in Pisa and lived with Muzio Tedaldi who was related to Galileo’s mother for 2 two years. By the age of ten, Galileo joined his family in†¦show more content†¦Galileo was responsible for the creation of modern science becoming a discipline and its concepts and method a whole philosophical system. Galileo’s contributions involved using a telescope to examine space, inventing t he microscope, disproving Aristotles laws, inventing the law of the pendulum, advocating the relativity of motion, and creating a mathematical physics. However one of his most important contributions was the fact that he conducted experiments, thus making him the first experimental scientist. Testing ideas with experiments was not a conventional approach in Galileo’s years therefore he revolutionized the way which science was conducted. Some of Galileo’s most important contributions to science include building a telescope of his own from scratch without ever seeing one in 1609. The observations that Galileo made through his telescope gave evidence that Earth is not the center of all things and that the planets orbited the Sun. Among his findings were the moons of Jupiter, the fact that the Moon’s surface was rough and covered in mountains and craters, the complete cycle of phases of Venus, and sunspots. Galileo observed the changing appearance of sunspots and co ncluded that the Sun rotates once per month around an axis that is perpendicular to the ecliptic plane. These observations supported the Copernican model but rejected the philosophy of Aristotle. Galileo is considered one of the most influential people in the history of science.Show MoreRelatedGalileo1646 Words   |  7 PagesPueblo Community College Galileo Life after punishment Joe Davalos History 102 Western Civilization II Mr. Richard L. Rollins May 1, 2014 Joseph Davalos Mr. Richard Rollins History 102 Western Civilization II April 10, 2014 Galileo: life after punishment Galileo Galilei, born February 15, 1564 was a mathematics professor a scientist, astronomer and physisist. He attended the University of Pisa to study medicine in 1583. He was fascinated with many subjects, particularlyRead MoreThe Life of Galileo1545 Words   |  7 Pagesand in doing so, embark on a quest to find their true identity and place in life. One must realize that the common theme in all literature is the search for identity and belonging. Bertolt Brecht, author of The Life of Galileo, effectively uses the developing character Galileo Galilei to portray a strong message; a message which five hundred years after the fact has still not been completely comprehended. Through Galileos continuous battle with the Church in prevailing his work, Brecht is tellingRead More Galileo Essay1583 Words   |  7 Pages Galileo nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;In the early seventeenth century, Galileo Galilei began the construction of a device that would transform the scientific world. Galileo did not invent the telescope but his improvements on it made him the most scientifically successful user of this instrument in his time. However, Galileo would not stop at scientific discovery. The father of three successfully marketed the improved instrument to the Senate of Venice andRead MoreGalileo Essay833 Words   |  4 Pagesand fundamentals were of the outside world, aka space, the planet and the stars, motion, and physics. One of the best minds of this time was, of course, Galileo Galilei. This great astronomer was a marvel at his work, he introduced controversial concepts that the church did not accept but those that he believed were to be true. Written by Galileo himself, this letter to the Grand Duchess professed his great discoveries and how they changed old ideas and thinking but received much criticism in theR ead MoreGalileo And The Scientific Revolution1549 Words   |  7 Pages Quick Facts Name Galileo Occupation Astronomer, Scientist Birth Date February 15, 1564 Death Date January 8, 1642 Did You Know? Galileo supported the Copernican theory, which supports a sun-centered solar system. Did You Know? Galileo was accused twice of heresy by the church for his beliefs. He remained under house arrest the remaining years of his life. Did You Know? Galileo devised his own telescope, in which he observed the moon and found Venus had phases like the moon, proving it rotatedRead More Galileo Galilei Essay995 Words   |  4 PagesGalileo Galilei Galileo was born in Pisa along the Via del Cuore in 1564 to Vincenzo Galileo, a man known for his study of music, and Giuli Ammananti. When Galileo was ten he moved to Florance.1 At eleven young Galileo was sent to Vallombrosa for school. At fifteen Galileo decided to be a monk, but because of his father gave up his ambition. In the late summer of 1581 Galileo entered the University of Pisa and embarked on a course of study in medicine. Studying the Aristotelian system, whichRead MoreEssay On Galileo Galilei1495 Words   |  6 PagesGalileo Galilei was born on February 15, 1556 in Pisa Italy, Tuscany in 1564, the son of Florentine musician Vincenzio Galilei. Actually, Vincenzio was a revolutionary musician—he felt the formal church music that then dominated the scene had become sterile, and that classic Greek poetry and myths had a power the church music lacked, that perhaps could be translated into modern music. He attempted some of this, and his work began the developm ent that culminated in Italian opera. His mother GiuliaRead MoreThe Trial Of Galileo Galilei1882 Words   |  8 Pagestimes even lent evidence to support each other as being true. However, this all changed after the trial of Galileo Galilei in 1633. Galileo was put on trial by the Catholic Church for his heliocentric theory, which the Church declared as being contradictory to the truth of the geocentric theory as spoken by Ptolemy and the Bible. Despite the scientific observations and evidence presented by Galileo in support of the heliocentric theory, the Church struck it down because it contradicted their own evidenceRead MoreThe Life of Galileo Galilei 609 Words   |  2 Pages Galileo Galilei is considered one of the greatest scientists of all time. He was an Italian mathematician, astronomer, and philosopher who very strongly supported Copernicanism, which is the idea that the earth orbits the sun. It was hard to advocate Copernicanism because it was a very controver sial idea during that time. Galileo was a leader in the Scientific Revolution. He made discoveries in the sciences of motion, astronomy, and strength of materials. In motion, his famous scientificRead MoreThe Success and Intentions of Galileo Essay733 Words   |  3 Pagesâ€Å"Galileo has been depicted variously as a cynical opportunist, patient genius or lucky engineer, and dies a coward or a modern Socrates.† I agree that he is a patient genius, and lucky engineer, but I do not agree that he is a cynical opportunist, coward or a modern Socrates. Galileo was a mathematician and a natural philosopher, who converted Copernicanism, which states that the earth revolved around the sun, into philosophy and the world’s true nature. By introducing new knowledge and using science

Population Health Knowledge And Principles Health And Social Care Essay Free Essays

Health and Illness from a Population Health Perspective Nowadays pull offing wellness and unwellness of a state people had become a cardinal precedence of state governments as with this they may face terrible negative heath results. Every state and its officials are concentrating on the direction of their population wellness as it has become critical for achieving long-run being ( Sheffield, 2008 ) . A state ‘s population wellness position pertains to the wellness results of a group of persons, acknowledging the division of such results within the group. We will write a custom essay sample on Population Health Knowledge And Principles Health And Social Care Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now Population wellness position is a important attack to wellness that directs to progress the wellness of whole population. From a population wellness position, wellness can be defined a province that is free from disease every bit good as the ability and capacity of persons to accommodate to, respond to, or pull off life ‘s inquirings and changes ( A Population Health Approach, 1999 ) . On the other, from a population wellness perspective unwellness can be defined as a province of hapless wellness of group of persons. As good, it may besides specify as an inability of group of persons to accommodate to, react to and form life ‘s challenges and alterations due to their wellness jobs. In modern epoch jobs related to persons ‘ wellness are increasing twenty-four hours by twenty-four hours and due to this concern towards population wellness has attained significant growing. Social and Structural Determinants of Health Every state ‘s functionaries are seeking to keep their population wellness but it is non every bit easy as it seems. All of us have important population wellness cognition and rules but non able to use it in world ( Novick, 2007 ) . For its successful executing it is indispensable to understand the relationships between behavior and wellness results. By understanding this, one can easy develop preventative schemes and rules to forestall unwellness and advancing single and community wellness ( Swinburn A ; Egger, 2002 ) . Using population wellness cognition and rules will go easy if person well understand the societal and structural determiners of wellness ( Turnock, 2008 ) . This could besides be understood with an illustration of population wellness job that is increasing fleshiness. This population wellness job is increasing in about every portion of the universe that needs to be resolved in an effectual mode. The job of fleshiness is increasing in about all high- and low-income states. To curtail and eventually invert the addition in obesity-preponderance rates, all inclusive population wellness based attacks and schemes are required ( Swinburn A ; Egger, 2002 ) . As good, for this it is besides indispensable to understand the societal and structural determiners of wellness so that with that this job of fleshiness can be resolved ( A Population Health Approach, 1999 ) . Designation of wellness determiners is indispensable to develop bar schemes. The cardinal determiners of persons and populations ‘ wellness are the conditions, in which people are born, develop, unrecorded and work. These conditions are so influenced by the societal and economic environment ( Khoury, 2010 ) . All these facets together become a significant cause of disease and agony. Similar is the instance with fleshiness that is besides the consequence of several determiners ( Dean A ; Fenton, 2010 ) . These wellness determiners can be classified in two important groups that are as follows: Social Determinants Structural Determinants Understanding the multilevel and overlapping nature of present epidemics every bit good as their societal and structural determiners, is significant in the design and executing of more effectual bar plans for commanding increasing fleshiness jobs. Equally good, it is besides the consequence of individual-level determiners that may include bad behaviors such as unhygienic eating wonts and eating more and more debris nutrients ( Novick, 2007 ) . All these patterns of persons are chief drivers of fleshiness. The forms and distribution of these movable diseases in the population are later affected by a vivacious interplay among the preponderance of the morbific agent, the effectiveness of prophylactic and control interjections ( Dean A ; Fenton, 2010 ) . As good, it is besides affected with a scope of societal and structural environmental factors. Structural determiners of wellness include those physical, economic, societal, organisational, cultural, community, legal, or policy related facets of the environment that obstruct or aid efforts to debar disease spreading ( Semenza A ; Giesecke, 2008 ) . On the other manus, societal determiners of wellness include the economic and societal conditions of a state that influence the wellness of people and communities ( Raphael, 2006 ) . As good, it besides include stipulations for early childhood development, acquisition, work, income and occupation security, wellness services, nutrient security, and entree to basic services like lodging, societal segregation, and stigma ( Dean A ; Fenton, 2010 ) . By understanding the general societal and structural determiners of wellness one can easy develop effectual disease bar and control attempts for increasing job of fleshiness. The cognition and apprehension of diverse societal and structural determiners of increasing fleshiness will decidedly help in the development of its bar schemes ( Swinburn A ; Egger, 2002 ) . By developing bar strategies the jobs and diseases related to fleshiness can be controlled efficaciously. Relationship between Behaviour and Health Outcomes The treatment of societal and structural determiners of wellness groundss that the increasing diseases and wellness results are due to some patterned behavior of persons and populations. Individual ‘s wonts are affected by societal determiners that in bend are affected by structural determiners ( Khoury, 2010 ) . This in bend consequences in terrible wellness results. By understanding these relationships between behaviors and wellness results one can develop effectual population wellness bar schemes ( Tulchinsky A ; Varavikova, 2009 ) . Individual hazard behaviors determine the opportunity of contact with other contaminated or morbific persons. Although, these behaviors do non take topographic point in a vacuity and it could be understood in concern to fleshiness ( Population based Public Health Practice, 2003 ) . For increasing fleshiness the built or physical environment are responsible that are increasing debris nutrient wonts among population all age groups. This environment is delighting persons to hold nutrient that is ready to eat and at just monetary value. All of us besides want to hold nutrient outside from place without understanding its negative effects on our wellness ( Dean A ; Fenton, 2010 ) . Our ain behaviors are driven by increasing figure of fast nutrients and eating houses in each and every metropolis. Both of these determiners are increasing incorrect eating wonts among kids and childs that in bend are ensuing in fleshiness due to their inappropriate diet and consumption of tonss of fats. By understanding relationships among behaviors and wellness results different fleshiness bar schemes like structural and policy or legal can be developed easy ( Raphael, 2006 ) . All these different bar attacks can be implemented by alining with behavioral or medical interjections directed at persons. As good, with an nonsubjective to manage factors that affect single behavior in malice of directing their behavior ( Dean A ; Fenton, 2010 ) . Application of Population Health Knowledge and Principles to Obesity Prevention With the aid of population wellness cognition and its important determiners, it can be applied efficaciously in the development of diverse illness bar schemes, wellness publicity and community capacity edifice. Development of a bar scheme is based on the factors due to which a disease or unwellness is increasing in population injuries ( Egger, Swinburn A ; Rossner, 2003 ) . Designation of these factors is indispensable for forestalling a disease or unwellness every bit good as for advancing population wellness. The treatment of fleshiness and its societal and structural determiners provide a model through which preventative schemes against weight addition and fleshiness can be developed. Although there are several others diverse factors that are involved in the etiology of fleshiness and weight addition but the most significant factors are social and environmental ( Egger A ; Swinburn, 1997 ) . These factors affect energy consumption and outgo that in bend is affected by familial and other biological factors like age, sex and hormonal activity on which there is small or no control ( World Health Organization, 2000 ) . A state facing job of fleshiness can easy develop effectual bar schemes by concentrating on these rules: Social, political, cultural, structural and physical environment elements that together impact the weight position of population ( Bray A ; Bouchard, 2004 ) . By developing processs and programmes to manage those persons and groups who are at high hazard of weight addition and fleshiness. Appropriate direction protocols ( World Health Organization, 2000 ) . In add-on to the concentration on these above discussed facets, it is besides indispensable that fleshiness bar schemes are determined in a manner that should avoid precipitating and the development of eating upsets. In add-on to this for successful bar schemes it is indispensable to set about thorough analysis of different states fleshiness direction attacks ( World Health Organization, 2000 ) . With this, it will go easy to place a coherent and comprehensive attack to pull off fleshiness and job of weight addition ( Eckel, 2003 ) . As good, it is besides believed that the attitude of wellness professionals towards fleshiness is non appropriate that can be made more effectual by supplying them developing and larning. For effectual declaration of increasing fleshiness job a high national committedness is required. This committedness should be a shared duty of consumers, authoritiess, nutrient industry A ; trade and the media ( World Health Organization, 2000 ) . Support from all these groups play a significant function in commanding fleshiness by advancing effectual alterations in present diet forms and mundane physical activity degrees ( Bray A ; Bouchard, 2004 ) . By following all these rules one can easy develop effectual fleshiness bar schemes. Till now, fleshiness bar and fleshiness direction were seen as two different facets. Obesity bar was aimed at forestalling weight addition whereas fleshiness direction was aimed at weight loss. In present, these two are non different from each other as obesity direction includes all short-run and long-run schemes ( World Health Organization, 2000 ) . These schemes vary from bar, weight continuation, and direction of fleshiness comorbidities to burden loss ( Eckel, 2003 ) . In present one can easy pull off job of weight addition and fleshiness by concentrating on following schemes: Prevention of weight addition Promotion of weight care Management of fleshiness comorbidities Promotion of weight loss ( World Health Organization, 2000 ) . These schemes entirely can non be used until or unless degrees of preventative action are non determined. In instance of fleshiness job that is distributing all over the universe the preventative schemes need to be applied on these degrees of bar: Community Health Prevention: Through these bar programmes, schemes can be directed at the population or community. With this plan, the degree of fleshiness in the population can be stabilized efficaciously. These community based bar schemes can be introduced through different community plans related to population diet forms betterment, weight care and regular wellness check-ups. A state may follow diverse community-based intercessions in the way of bettering its population dietary forms and direction of associated hazard factors like BMI or serum cholesterin degrees ( World Health Organization, 2000 ) . These plans may include big communities like more than 100 000 people and may be implemented for longer periods like for 10 old ages or more than 10 old ages. Several these sorts of intercessions are implemented in Europe and North America ( World Health Organization, 2000 ) . Other states are besides implementing community based bar schemes but merely some of them have attained success. This is due to the deficiency of planned and comprehensive attack that is most indispensable for the success of long community based bar schemes. In present every states should develop specific community based bar schemes as with this lone it is possible to command diet forms of its population. If, a state functionaries will non take any introductory stairss in forestalling fleshiness its other governments and scene will besides non work in this way ( Swinburn A ; Egger, 2002 ) . Working in this way is most indispensable in present epoch as the job of weight addition and fleshiness is increasing well and ensuing in several other related diseases. Selective Prevention: These bar steps can be directed at specific groups of population who are really at high hazard of increasing fleshiness. Selective bar schemes may be inducted through different scenes like schools, montages, community Centres, place environments, vicinities, workplaces, shopping mercantile establishments and primary attention ( World Health Organization, 2000 ) . With the aid of this preventative scheme one can easy progress the cognition and abilities of groups of peoples so that they can cover more efficaciously with the factors that may put them at important hazard of turning fleshiness. Schools, colleges and community Centres are portion of a natural scene that can be used to impact the nutrient and physical activity environments for kids and childs. By doing alterations in these educational institutes policy related to athleticss engagement and physical instruction clip the job of fleshiness among pupils and kids can be decreased significantly. As good, alterations related to active manners of conveyance to and from school will besides necessitate effectual policy. By making this the job of fleshiness can be managed at significant degree ( Swinburn A ; Egger, 2002 ) . In add-on to educational scenes, vicinities can besides be targeted for active diversion. Changes in the walking web that includes pathwaies and walking paths, the cycling web that includes roads and rhythm waies will ease diversion. Increase in the figure of informal and formal diversion infinites like Parkss, metropolis nines, athleticss evidences and diversion Centres ( Swinburn A ; Egger, 2002 ) . Addition in the figure of these infinites and recreational Centres will better physical activity degree of persons that in bend will command their weight and overall job of fleshiness. Another specific country of population that can be targeted is home environment. It is the most of import scene in concern to changing kids ‘s feeding and physical activity behaviors. By developing good feeding wonts and physical activities among households the job of fleshiness can be resolved well ( Swinburn A ; Egger, 2002 ) . Work environment is another topographic point through which feeding and physical wonts of persons can be improved. By developing effectual plans and advertisements, the eating wonts of a house ‘s employees can be improved. They may supply day-to-day column in their organisation magazine and newspapers that employees read daily every bit good as they can develop different postings and messages on their corporate site. All these attempts will decidedly convey alterations in employees ‘ eating wonts that in bend will command their weight addition and fleshiness related jobs ( Kopelman, 2001 ) . Environmental Prevention: The most recent fleshiness bar scheme emerged are environmental bar schemes. These schemes include obesity direction attacks related to environment. These schemes analyze the whole factors of environment in which single or group of persons live. It focuses on the direction of these different environmental factors so that the job of fleshiness and weight addition can be resolved efficaciously ( Swinburn A ; Egger, 2002 ) . These environmental schemes do non merely make to populations with hapless wellness results but it besides targets them differentially. These schemes include betterment of school nutrient programmes and active diversion and physical activity comfortss. Equally good as regular wellness check-ups and weight check-ups at authorities infirmaries and associations. With these schemes poorer countries wellness results can be improved well ( Fletcher A ; Grundy, 1999 ) . This scheme can besides be directed with the alteration in physical environment for diversion, nutrient Torahs, local authorities conveyance policies, etc. This whole procedure will convey a significant alteration into a state ‘s system that is indispensable to command fleshiness and its associated diseases ( O’Dea, 2005 ) . Targeted Prevention: One of the other significant bar schemes that can be used to forestall weight addition and fleshiness is targeted bar. These schemes are directed at persons who are already over weight and those who are non over weight but devouring tonss of fats daily without sing its hereafter consequences ( World Health Organization, 2000 ) . With the aid of these schemes persons can be controlled in their weight addition. As good, it besides assists in diminishing the figure of people who develop fleshiness associated comorbidities ( Fletcher A ; Grundy, 1999 ) . All these bar schemes offer a long-run attack to cover with the jobs of weight addition and fleshiness but it is non sufficient as there is besides a demand of diverse intercessions and bar schemes. Every state is required to develop influential and sustainable schemes in concern to burden care and fleshiness direction ( Swinburn A ; Egger, 2002 ) . As good, high investings in different media runs are critical along with systemic alterations. Nowadays media is the most influential tool for pull offing present terrible diseases through effectual messages and by exposing its injuries ( Egger, Swinburn A ; Rossner, 2003 ) . For pull offing fleshiness related jobs it is besides indispensable to alter people societal attitudes along with important policy alterations. Food sector related policies requires significant alterations like: Changes in financial nutrient policies for diminishing demands of some debris nutrients. Constitution of nutrition information panels. Nutrition signposting programmes Development of diverse wellness and nutrition claims. Ad prohibitions on kids ‘s Television ( Swinburn A ; Egger, 2002 ) . In add-on to this, it is besides indispensable that the more general authorities policies that influence income distribution, employment, lodging and societal services adopt important alterations from clip to clip. All these facets are extremely influencive on people eating wonts. Everyone needs to follow a changed attack if wants to cover with fleshiness and salvage its state with future problems and terrible diseases ( Andersen, 2003 ) . The publicity of healthy feeding and physical activity guidelines and messages is besides indispensable to command increasing fleshiness problems. With the aid of different advanced mass-media runs and other communicating schemes public of state can be educated sing healthy eating wonts and physical activity degree. The USA runs like the ‘Healthy Eating Pyramid ‘ , the ‘5-a-day for better wellness ‘ and ‘National Cholesterol Education Program ‘ are rather good known and every bit good as effectual ( Swinburn A ; Egger, 2002 ) . Effective media runs and publicities will hold a important impact on population cognition, attitudes, apprehension, and purpose. By following all the above discussed bar schemes and other policies the problem of fleshiness and weight addition can be handled efficaciously and expeditiously ( Andersen, 2003 ) . Decision With the aid of this elaborate treatment of population wellness cognition and rules, it can be said the job of fleshiness is increasing due to incorrect eating wonts of populations. By following effectual bar schemes on community and single degree this job can be resolved efficaciously. Understanding of societal and structural determiners is besides rather helpful in the development of effectual weight addition and fleshiness bar schemes ( Kopelman, 2001 ) . Management of this job is indispensable as otherwise it may direct persons to severe wellness jobs like diabetes. By using old population wellness cognition and principles the job of increasing fleshiness can be handled efficaciously. How to cite Population Health Knowledge And Principles Health And Social Care Essay, Essay examples

Of Miracles By Hume Essays - Miracles, David Hume, Of Miracles

Of Miracles By Hume In David Hume's paper "Of Miracles," Hume presents a various number of arguments concerning why people ought not to believe in any miracles. Hume does not think that miracles do not exist it is just that we should not believe in them because they have no rational background. One of his arguments is just by definition miracles are unbelievable. And have no rational means in believing miracles. Another argument is that most miracles tend to come from uncivilized countries and the witnesses typically have conflicts of interest and counterdict each others experiences. Both of these arguments are valid however they tend to be weak. I think that Hume's strongest argument is that he claims there is no credibility to the testimony behind the miracles. In Hume's argument he says "that there is no testimony for any, even those which have not been expressly detected, that is not opposed by an infinite number of witnesses; so that not only the miracle destroys the credit of the testimony, but the testimony destroys itself." To make this clear Hume uses religious matters. Many religions use miracles as a foundation. "Every miracle, therefor, pretended to have been wrought in any of these religions as its direct scope is to establish the particular system to which it is attributed; so has it the same force, though bore indirectly, to overthrow every other system." If the miracles try to destroy a system, a religion, it destroys the credit of the miracles themselves, and the system in which they were established. Since most religions are based on miracles and try to destroy each other with contrary miracles and then we as humans have no reasoning on which miracle to believe in. Therefore what I think that Hume is trying to say is that for a religion to be credible it must not be based on miracles. This argument is seen by society to be far fetched, because most people have a certain belief in a certain religion and have somewhat a belief in miracles, but Hume has a good argument. He says that people should not believe in religions that are based on miracles because they have no credibility. Miracles themselves are thought to have weak credibility because the majority of the people in the society think that they are false. However there are many people that believe in miracles in one way or another. Either directly or indirectly. If you affiliate yourself with a religion that is based on miracles then you are indirectly a believer in miracles. This is what Hume would think and also he would say that you should not believe in the miracles because they are the basis of your religion and have no credibility due to the fact that the religion is trying to destroy another religion and their miracles. Even though Hume has a good argument, one could make an argument that Hume is wrongly saying that we ought not to believe in religions based on miracles. Religion is a major part of society. The majority of the world has faith in a religion and it thought to believe in miracles. Also religion has helped the world grow to where it is today and if Hume says that we should not have even believed in religion, then society would not have grown and developed into various civilizations. Religion brings mass amount of people together, and most of the time they believe in the same miracle. In history the church was the main government and also in charge of the education. Now if the miracle that brought all these people together never were believed in we would never have had any basis for government or any basis for education. Due to the church educating the people, eventhough it was few at first, there would not have been many sciences developed or maybe philosophy would not have come about. Since the church united the people and educated them, then indirectly the miracles on which they all believed in helped the education process. David Hume says that we ought not believe in miracles, but if people did not believe in them, like Hume says to do, then the world would not have grown and developed. Education helped the world grow and develop and if it was not for religion and miracle based religion then we may not have any education system. We have to believe in miracles to help the world grow. Believing in miracles today may not lead to such an important development, but look